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Unpaid blood donation is the important way of clinical blood supply. The blood collection environment of blood stations mainly includes mobile blood collection vehicles, blood donation rooms and other mobile forms or fixed places to recruit blood donors and collect blood. During the process of blood collection, in addition to the individual organism of the blood donor, different blood collection sites have certain impact on the quality of the whole blood collected from the donor and the adverse reactions in blood donors. To further investigate the distribution characteristics of the collected whole blood, improve blood quality and reduce adverse reactions, we reviewed relevant studies worldwide to analyze the population characteristics, advantages and disadvantages in different blood collection places, which will help establish different blood collection sites as blood stations and increase the amount of collected blood and improve blood quality.
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【Objective】 To investigate the status quo and existing problems of quality control laboratory of blood stations in Hebei province, and to provide reference for the capacity building of quality control laboratory in the future. 【Methods】 The data of routine blood collection and supply, blood component preparation, blood sampling ratio/frequency, and sampling results among 12 blood stations in Hebei in 2020 were collected. The monitoring effect of blood component quality in Hebei province, combined with the indicator changes of main blood components, were analyzed. 【Results】 Blood component preparation from blood stations in Hebei are different. The requirements for the number and frequency of routine sampling in each apartment are not standardized, and retrospective analysis was not conducted basically. Although the frequency and sampling of blood component quality monitoring can meet the minimum requirements of the Quality Monitoring Guidelines of Whole Blood and Blood Components 2017 and Technical Operating Regulations of Blood Stations (2019 Edition), but does not match the actual collection and preparation units. The qualification rate and reliability are unstable due to the small sample size. Monthly quality inspection can result in judgment errors, which is not conducive to systematic analysis and continuous improvement of blood collection and supply process. 【Conclusion】 In the context of continuous enhancement of blood collection and supply standardization in Hebei Province, the blood quality monitoring mechanism based on intra-province consistency can be further studied to standardize intra-province homogenization of blood quality monitoring in multiple links including sampling rules, statistical analysis and data comparison calibers.
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【Objective】 To understand the effect of long-term high-frequency platelet donation on the health, safety and platelet quality of blood donors. 【Methods】 From August 2020 to July 2022, blood donors who donated platelets for single collection in the station were selected as two groups: those who donated for 20-29 times and those who donated for 30-44 times. Such 14 test indexes as red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelet count (Plt), white blood cell count (WBC), large platelet ratio (P-LCR), lymphocyte (LYM) , neutrophil (NE), mean hemoglobin content (MCH), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet specific volume (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were grouped and statistically analyzed for 5 times in each group. In addition, blood donors who have donated platelets more than 100 times in the station were chosen; the changes of their 5 parameters as RBC, Hb, Hct, PLT and WBC, as well as the correlation with the total number of platelet donations were analyzed through statistical analysis of the first 100 donations(10 donations/group). 【Results】 During 2 years, the hematological parameters were similar between 20-29 donation group(n=30) and 30-44 donation group(n=11) (P>0.05). For donors with donations≥100 occasions, RBC, Hb, Hct and WBC were negatively correlated with the number of blood donations, while Plt was positively correlated. There were significant differences in Hb, Hct, WBC and Plt among groups (P<0.05). Hb, Hct and WBC showed a downward trend, while Plt showed an upward trend. 【Conclusion】 With the increase of blood donations and units of blood donated, some changes in hematological parameters are observed among long-term high-frequency platelet donors. Monitoring and health education should be strengthened to ensure the safety and quality of blood donors.
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【Objective】 To investigate the complaints of blood quality in Changsha, in order to continuously improve blood quality management. 【Methods】 The Handling Forms of Blood Quality Complaints of our center during 2014~2019, and the blood units issued, corresponded to the occurrence period of complaints, were collected from the SHINOW 9.0 system, and the overall blood supply and complaints of blood quality, including various components, were classified and analyzed by SPSS19.0. 【Results】 1 865 466 bags of blood were delivered from 2014 to 2019 in Changsha, coming down 435 complaints with 435 bags of blood involved, and the total ratio of blood quality complaints rated at 0.23‰(435/1 865 466), of which red blood cell complaint accounted for 45.06%(196/435), with a rise from 30.23%(26/86) in 2014 to 49.49%(49/99) in 2019. Meanwhile, the cryoprecipitate complaint increased from 10.47%(9/86) to 20.20%(20/99). The complaints were mainly broken blood bags 29.89%(130/435), positive serological testing results(irregular antibody screening+ or direct anti globulin test+ ) 34.48%(150/435), floccule or precipitates 18.39%(80/435), clot 5.52%(24/435), lipemia 3.45%(15/435), and blood type variant(ABO subgroups and variants of RhD) 2.07%(9/435). The complaints were different in blood components, each with a particular tilt as follows: positive serological testing results in red blood cell [72.45%(142/186)], broken blood bags in plasma [83.74%(103/123)], floccule or precipitates in platelet [54.17%(13/24)] and cryoprecipitate [64.13%(59/92)] . 【Conclusion】 Broken blood bags of plasma, floccule or precipitates of cryoprecipitate, and positive serological testing results of red blood cell were the main complaints of blood quality in Changsha. Blood banks should strengthen quality control, handle quality complains cautiously and strengthen community with hospitals before transfusion to improve blood satisfaction in clinical, and save blood resources.
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The blood donation, component preparation and manufacturing, laboratory, issuing and quality control were studied and compared between the UK and China, in order to learn British experience in the clinical practice and blood services. The age limits of blood donors, blood collection units, donation times per year, laboratory items, and the types(volumes) of component preparation and manufacturing in the UK are more superior than those in China. In addition, the blood quality monitoring and regarding indicators are more scientific and reasonable in the UK. The full reimbursement of clinical blood expenses for patients has been realized in the UK. The British experience in continuous safeguard of the blood safety and balance of requirement and availability contributes to the constant and scientific development of British blood services over the years, and is worthy of references.
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Objective To investigate the effect of vibration on the quality of suspended erythrocytes during transportation, and explore suitable experimental vibration conditions.Methods Three intensities(highway truck vibration, random vibration of fixed goods in a caterpillar, and combined wheeled vehicle vibration)were selected to simulate suspended erythrocyte transportation using electromagnetic vibration test system.Suspended erythrocytes of the same storage were randomly divided into three groups:highway truck vibration(group1),random vibration of fixed goods in a caterpillar(group 2),and combined wheeled vehicle vibration(group 3).The suspended erythrocytes were stored for 11 days and 26 days.The control group was stored with conventional methods.Suspended erythrocytes were vibrated for 1 hour,samples were collected before and after vibration,while free hemoglobin(FHb),K+,and LDH were tested.Results The changes in FHb and LDH after vibration were gradually increased with the magnitude of vibration(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in K +between the three vibration levels.The increase in FHb in suspended erythrocytes stored for 26 days was higher than 11days after random vibration of fixed goods in a caterpillar and combined wheeled vehicle vibration(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the change in FHb between day(d)26 and d 11 after highway truck vibration.Under the same magnitude of vibration,the change in LDH in the d 26 suspended erythrocytes was more significant than that of the d 11, and no significant difference was found in the change in K +between d 26 and d 11. Conclusion The damage to suspended erythrocytes after combined wheeled vehicle vibration is more obvious than that by the other two vibrations.The vibration environment of combined wheel vehicles is more suitable for simulating the vibration damage to suspended erythrocyte vibration.Suspended erythrocytes with a longer storage time have significant changes in FHb and LDH after transportation vibration, and the length of storage time of suspended red blood cells might affect the vibration injury.
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Objective To discuss the changes of the quality of the fresh frozen plasma,which leaved refrigerator and it was out of the cold chain.Method The fresh frozen plasma was placed at the room temperature,in six different periods,that is 0,0.5,2,4 h,8,and 12 hours.The prothrombin time,activated partial thrombin live enzymes time,fibrinogen and factor FⅤ,factor FⅧ,antithrombin(AT) and protein C were tested on each point.Results In the fourth group and the fifth group,the FⅧ,AT,and protein C were statistically lower compared with the controls (P＜0.05).But there were no obvious changes of APTT,PT,INR,Fbg and FⅤwhen placed at room temperature for 12 hours.Conclusion After the fresh frozen plasma placed at room temperature for more than 8 hours,the FⅧ ∶ C,AT and protein C were significantly lower compared with the control group.But they have no obvious changes of APTT,PT,INR,Fbg and F Ⅴ when placed at room temperature for 12 hours.
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Objective To explore the management mode of regional clinical blood ,as well as the role of Regional Medical Center in the blood management ,and have a comprehensive understanding of Daxing district clinical blood using present situation .Methods Organized Daxing district clinical blood using quality control center experts to do a research of 18 medical institutions in the blood management status of clinical blood demand within the jurisdiction ,and analyzed the statistics related to clinical use of blood in vari‐ous medical institutions from January to December in 2014 ,according to Beijing Wei Yi [2008]189 words in medical institutions of Beijing City ,the department of transfusion(blood bank) in the relevant provisions of the basic standard.Results Through the sur‐vey ,only regional medical center established the department of transfusion in 18 medical institutions ,other medical institutions have set up blood bank .Practitioners of department of transfusion (blood bank) in the number full‐time staff ,with post qualification num‐ber and degree of structure ,difference between regional medical center and other kind hospitals was significant (P0 .05) .Three grade hospitals in biological safety and continuous im‐provement of quality ,could be carried out in accordance with the PDCA cycle ,and have obvious advantages compared with the other one or two grade hospitals .Conclusion Fifteen medical institutions do not have the clinical blood transfusion compatibility testing conditions .To ensure the safety of blood for clinical use ,blood need to be tested by the department of transfusion regional medical center .
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Background & objectives: Different methods have been developed for tsetse and trypanosomiasis control or eradication but all these have their specific advantages and limitations. However, a combination of methods could be used as part of an Area-wide Integrated Pest Management (AWPM). The sterile insect technique (SIT) as a technique of choice for eradication of tsetse flies requires mass production of flies in the laboratories. Since tsetses are exclusively haemotophogous insects, a quality blood diet is needed for maintenance of flies with optimum production. The aim of this study was to establish the optimum storage time of blood diet for tsetse colonies. Methods: A total of 450 flies Glossina austeni were fed on different batches of blood (collected in 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008) three times a week. Pupae were collected daily and mortality checks were done on weekly basis. The quality of the blood diet was measured by observation of tsetse production parameters including survival, pupae production and size. Results: The survival of flies fed on 2004 and 2006 batches had lower survival compared to the rest of the batches. Also the 2005 batch had a significant higher number of pupae compared to the production in other treatments. The 2004 and 2005 batches had more of small pupae (class A & B) compared to the other batches. Interpretation & conclusion: There was a significant difference between the blood batches and the production parameters were better in the last three years, i.e. 2008, 2007 and 2006. Therefore, this study recommends three years to be an optimum storage time for blood diet under regional conditions. Also the storage temperature conditions should remain stable at –20ºC.
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Objective To study the effects of aircraft, railway and highway transportations on the quality of red cell suspension.Methods Red cell suspensions from aircraft, railway and highway transportations were randomly selected, 10 units each, and stored for about 20 days as test groups, Another 10 unites of red cell suspensions were collected and stored for 20 days to serve as the control group. Biochemical indicators, including lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), Na+, K+ and Cl-were tested by automatic biochemistry analyzer. Free hemoglobin (FHb) was measured by chromatometry of 3 wavelengths. PO2 was detected by blood gas analyzer. The rate of red blood anaerobic glycolysis and osmotic fragility were also tested. The microstructure of red blood cells (RBCs) was observed by scanning electron microscope.Results The rates of anaerobic glycolysis of aircraft and railway transported red cell suspensions were (42.9?5.6)% and (42.2?3.1)%, respectively, significantly lower than those of highway transportation and the control group, which were (60.4?5.9)% and (70.1?7.8)%, respectively. FHb concentrations in erythrocyte suspension from aircraft and railway transportations were (1.37?0.31) mg/ml and (1.28?0.41) mg/ml, respectively, significantly higher than those of the highway transportation and the control group, which were (0.37?0.05) mg/ml and (0.31?0.03) mg/ml, respectively. LDH level and Na+ concentrations in erythrocyte suspension from aircraft and railway transportations were significantly higher than those from highway transportation and the control group. PO2 was decreased significantly in red cell suspension from aircraft transportation, and the osmotic fragility was increased. K+ was increased significantly in red cell suspension from railway transportation. Cl-was not changed. The aircraft and railway transported RBCs showed agglutination, spherical changes and ragged edges. Many thorn RBCs could be found in these samples. The morphology of RBCs after highway transportation had normal shape , but a few were spherical and ragged at edges. The RBCs of the control group was in double-faced concave disc shape and equably suspended.Conclusion The quality of red cell suspension is closely related to the different ways of transportation. Under certain circumstances, the quality of red cell suspension from highway transportation is superior to that from aircraft and railway transportations.
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Analysis of 30 IU of total blood, in which 15 IU of professional blood donors and 15 IU of voluntary blood donors. 20 IU of erythrocyte volume, of them 10 IU were preserved in CPD/S, A, G, M2 (terumor) solutions and 10 IU were preserved in S, Na, G (glucoza 5%, NaCl 9%o with rate of 1:2). The results showed that: the erythrocyte indexes in the blood IU of the volutary blood donors were significantly higher compared to that of the professional blood donors. There was no significant differences of the erythrocyte indexes in blood IU preserved in the international standard solutions until the date of 10, 15, 20 and 30th and in S, Na, G solutions after producing and at the date of 10th at 4 2oC. However, erythrocyte indexes were found to be different in blood IU preserved in S, Na, G at the date of 15th and the following time
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Blood , Solutions/standards , Blood DonorsABSTRACT
203 products of total blood and 203 products of the erythroprecipitin undergone the quality control during 1/200-27/9/2000. The results have shown that the blood volume of 4.92% products was lower than 250 ml and level of hemoglobin of 1% products was lower than 22g among 203 controlled products of the total blood; volume of 2.11% products was less than 125ml and of 12.67% products was more than 125 ml; the level of hemoglobin of 100% products was higher than 22 g and of 80% products was higher than 25g, the hematocrite of 4.22% products was higher than 0.75 l/l among 142 controlled products of the erythroprecipitin. The conclusion: products, in generally obtained the ISO 9002.
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Quality Control , Blood , Blood Platelets , ErythrocytesABSTRACT
The volunteers have higher quality of hemoglobin than the regular donors. Hb standard for donation is 120 g/l. The volunteers have 94.9% reaching the standard but 5.1% of the regular donors. The volunteers have higher incidence of infectous diseases than the regular donors except the syphilis. It is important to do the P24-HIV to reduce the window period. The volunteers are the good donation, the humanitarian donors.
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Blood Donors , BloodABSTRACT
The changes in cellular immune function in the patients who had made the long-term blood donation in our department in the period from Sep. 1991 to Mar. 1993, were reported. The cellular immune function of 75 patients who had made blood donation for more than 10 years, was compared with that of 35 patients who made the blood donation for the first time,using the lymphocyte transformation rate, interleukin-2 and natural killer cell activity as cellular immune function indicators. The results of comparision showed that there was no statistical difference between the mentioned above two groups, indicating that the three indicators of cellular immune function in patients who had made the long-term blood donation didn' t show any significant changes, which had no effect on the blood quaity.
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Objectives To study the effect of highway transportation on the quality of red blood cells. Methods Highway transportation environment was simulated by random vibration test. Red blood cell suspensions and whole blood were vibrated for 120 minutes based upon GB/T 4857.23-2003 with the RMSVA of 0.38 and 0.52grms, as well as GJB 2711-1996 with the RMSVA of 1.04grms and weight loading of 60kg. Five ml of specimen were taken before the testing (as Control Group), and after the testing at 30mins' intervals (as Testing Group). K+, FHb and red blood cell osmotic fragility were tested. Results The red blood cell osmotic fragility of whole blood increased in 0.38grms, 90min and 0.52grms, 60min specimens (P